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Lawrencium | Send-To | Print | More
[syn: Lr]
Category: Chemistry | 1700 views
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© Jay F. Kominek
Symbol: Lr
Atomic number: 103
Atomic weight: (262)
Appearance unknown, however it is most likely silvery-white or grey
and metallic. Lawrencium is a synthetic rare-earth metal. There are eight known radioisotopes, the most stable being Lr-262 with a half-life of 3.6 hours. Due to the short half-life of lawrencium, and its radioactivity, there are no known uses for it. Identified by Albert Ghiorso in 1961 at Berkeley. It was produced by bombarding californium with boron ions. The name is temporary IUPAC nomenclature, the origin of the name comes from Ernest O. Lawrence, the inventor of the cyclotron. If sufficient amounts of lawrencium were produced, it would pose a radiation hazard.
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This information has been compiled by: informationsphere.com/community
Properties
- One of the transition metals
- Artificially created radioactive metallic element
- Behaves differently from dipositive nobelium an more like the tripositive elements earlier in the actinide series
- The most stable isotope, with a half-life of about 3.6 hours that is due to radioactive decay, only half the atoms in a sample of isotope, 262 would still be thee atoms of that isotope after 3.6 hours
- Atomic weight 262
- Melting point 1627
History
For American physicist Ernest Lawrence
1961: Scientists at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (now Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) in Berkeley, California, namely Albert Ghiorso, Torbjorn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh and Robert M. Latimer, claimed that they had produced an element with an atomic number of 103. They had bombarded californium isotopes whose atomic number is 98 with boron-10 and boron-11 ions, which has an atomic number of five to produce short-lived lawrencium isotopes.
1965: Scientist at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, near Moscow, made a rival claim. The Dubna workers found a longer-lived lawrencium isotope, 256Lr, with a half-life of 35 seconds.
1967: Flerov and associates at the Dubna Laboratory reported their inability to detect an alpha emitter with a half-life of eight seconds, which was assigned by the Berkeley group to 257103. This assignment has been changed to 258Lr or 259Lr.
1968: Thiorso and associates at Berkeley used a few atoms of this isotope to study the oxidation behavior of lawrencium. Using solvent extraction techniques and working rapidly, they extracted lawrencium ions from a buffered aqueous solution into an organic solvent completing each extraction in about 30 seconds.
1968-1971: both the Berkeley and Dubna groups offered additional evidence for the existence of element 103. Berkeley group proposed the name Lawrencium to honor American physicist Ernest O. Lawrence. The International Union of Physical and Applied Science (IUPAC) who is the recognized authority in crediting the discovery of elements and assigning names to them accepted it.
1986: IUPAC and the International Union of Physical and Applied Physics (IUPAP) formed a working group to review the histories of the elements with at numbers from 101-109.
1993: IUPAC accepted the groups decision that the discovery of lawrencium was a cumulative effect of work done at Berkeley and Dubna from 1961-1971.
Additional notice by the Author: This information has been created by people who believes in the freedom of information and want to share their knowledge with others. You are free to copy, distribute, and display the work created under the following conditions: ATTRIBUTON (you must give the community credit), NONCOMMERCIAL (you may not use this work for commercial purposes), NO DERIVATIVE WORKS (you may not alter, transform, or build upon this work). Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from informationsphere.com.
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